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In surgical ICU patients (primarily cardiac), intensive insulin therapy reduced ICU mortality, renal impairment, and bloodstream infections. The rate of severe hypoglycemia was higher with intensive insulin.
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In patients presenting within 3 hours of ischemic stroke, alteplase improved 3-month neurological function (NNT=9) but did not impact 24-hour symptoms or mortality. In patients receiving alteplase, approximately one-quarter had minor bleeding, and 6.4% had symptomatic ICH (NNH=17).
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Medical ICU patients receiving continuous infusion sedation with daily interruption were liberated from mechanical ventilation and left the ICU quicker, but this effect did not translate to a shorter hospital course or a mortality benefit.
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Early initiation of TPN increased ICU and hospital stay, the incidence of infection, and total healthcare costs. Delaying parenteral nutrition up to 7 days had no effect on mortality.
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Protocolized early goal-directed therapy initiated in the ED in severe sepsis and septic shock patients improved resuscitation parameters and reduced mortality.
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Among patients with all types of shock, mortality rates were not different between norepinephrine and dopamine, although norepinephrine was more effective as a vasopressor and was less associated with arrhythmias. Norepinephrine may have a mortality benefit over dopamine in a subset of patients with cardiogenic shock.
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The use of “renal dose” dopamine did not reduce peak creatinine, the need for renal replacement therapy, ICU length of stay, or mortality.
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In a cohort of patients with MRSA pneumonia, linezolid was shown to improve clinical cure rate and cause less nephrotoxicity than vancomycin, but it did not improve 60-day mortality. The findings of this study may have been confounded by unbalanced baseline characteristics.
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Therapeutic hypothermia in patients with out-of-hospital VF arrest improved the incidence of favorable discharge disposition and a trend towards improved mortality.
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Therapeutic hypothermia improved 6-month neurologic outcome and mortality among patients with out-of-hospital VT/VF cardiac arrest. Note that hypothermia may be associated with certain complications, such as increased risk of bleeding and infection.
